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Textile Basic Knowledge (1)

Nguva:2019-05-22 Hits:

Textile Basic Knowledge

 

1. Iwo anowanzo shandiswa maformula ekuverenga emachira anogona kupatsanurwa mumhando mbiri: yakagadziriswa urefu hwekuverenga fomula uye yakagadziriswa uremu hwekuverenga fomula.

 

1. Kuverengera formula yeyakagadziriswa kureba system:

(1) Dhanieri (D): D = g/L*9000 apo G ndiyo huremu hweshinda yesirika (g), L ndiko kureba kweshinda yesirika (m)

(2) Tex (H)]: tex = g/L*1000 uko G ndiko kurema (g) of yarn (or silk) uye L ndihwo kureba (m) yeshinda (kana silika).

(3) dtex: dtex = g/L*9000 apo G ndiko kurema kweshinda yesirika (g), L ndiko kureba kweshinda yesirika (m)

 

2. Kuverengera mafomula eiyo yakatarwa-huremu system:

(1) Metric count (N): N = L/G apo G ndiwo uremu (g) of yarn (or silk) uye L ndihwo kureba (m) yeshinda (kana silika).

(2) Nhamba yemapazi eBritish (S): S = L/(G*840), uko G ndiko kurema kweshinda yesirika (pondo), L ndiko kureba kweshinda yesirika (code)

 

2. Shanduko fomula yekusarudza yuniti yemucheka:

 

(1) Shanduko formula yemetric expenditure (N) naDhanieri (D): D = 9000/N

(2) Shanduko mafomula eBritish Branches (S) naDhanieri (D): D = 5315/S

(3) Shanduko formula ye dtex uye tex: 1tex = 10dtex

(4) Shanduko formula yeTex naDaniel (D): Tex=D/9

(5) Shanduko formula pakati peTex neBritish kuverenga (S): tex = K/S K kukosha: shinda yakachena yedonje K = 583.1 yakanatswa faibha K = 590.5 polyester donje shinda K = 587.6 shinda yekotoni viscose (75:25) K = 584.8 dimensional donje shinda (50:50)K == 587.0

(6), Tex uye metric nhamba (N) kushandura formula: nhamba = 1000/N

(7) Shanduko formula ye dtex naDaniel (D): dtex = 10D/9

(8) Shanduko formula pakati pedtex neBritish count (S): dtex = 10K/S K kukosha: shinda yakachena yedonje K = 583.1 yakanatswa faibha K = 590.5 polyester donje shinda K = 587.6 shinda yekotoni viscose (75:25) K = 584.8 dimensional donje shinda (50:50)K == 587.0

(9) Shanduko mafomula e dtex uye metric expenditure (N): dtex = 10000/N

Shanduko mafomula e (10), metric centimita (cm) uye inch: 1 inchi = 2.54cmm

Shanduko mafomula emetric mita (M) uye British code (yd): 1 kodhi = 0.9144 mamita

(12) Shanduko formula yeg/m2 uye m/m yesilika uye satin: 1m/m=4.3056g/m2

(13) Shanduko formula yehuremu chaihwo uye huremu hwesilika uye satin: LB = huremu hwesirika pamamita (g/m)*0.9144 (m/yd)*50 (yd)/453.6 (g/yd)

3. Nzira dzekuona:

 

1. Ruoko-kunzwa kwekuona kuyerwa: Iyi nzira inokodzera textile raw materials mune yakawanda state.

(1) Faibha dzedonje dzakapfupika uye dzakatsetseka kupfuura ramie fiber uye mamwe mafiber etekinoroji neshinda dzemvere., kazhinji netsvina yakasiyana-siyana uye kuremara.

(2) Iyo hemp fiber inonzwa yakaoma uye yakaoma.

(3) Faibha dzemakushe dzakamonana uye dzakararuka.

(4) Sirika is filament, refu uye mutete, nekupenya kwakakosha.

(5) Mumakemikari fibers, viscose fibers chete inosiyana zvakanyanya mukuoma uye kunyorova simba.

(6) Polyurethane filament ine elasticity yakakura, uye kureba kwayo kunogona kutambanudzwa kusvika kanopfuura kashanu patembiricha yekamuri.

 

2. Microscopic yekutarisa nzira: Iyo yakavakirwa pahurefu uye muchinjika-chikamu morphological maitiro eiyo fiber kuona mafibhi..

(1) Cotton fibers: muchinjika-chikamu chimiro: chiuno chakatenderera, nechiuno chepakati; vertical shape: ribhoni rakadzikama, nekukotama kwepanyama.

(2) Hemp (ramie, flax, jute) fibers: cross-sectional fomu: chiuno chakatenderera kana polygonal, nemhango; longitudinal fomu: ne-cross-section, mitsetse yakatwasuka.

(3) Wool fiber: cross-sectional fomu: denderedzwa kana kuti denderedzwa, vamwe vane pith yemvere; longitudinal fomu: pamusoro pezviyero.

(4) Tsuro bvudzi fibers: cross-sectional morphology: dumbbell mhando, ine pith ine mvere; longitudinal morphology: nezviyero pamusoro.

(5) Mulberry silk fiber: muchinjika-chikamu chimiro: katatu katatu; longitudinal chimiro: yakatsetseka uye yakatwasuka, mitsetse ye longitudinal.

(6) Ordinary viscose fibers: cross-sectional fomu: serrated, ganda-core structure; longitudinal fomu: longitudinal groove.

(7) Simba-rakapfuma fibers: cross-sectional fomu: mazino mashoma, kana denderedzwa, elliptical; longitudinal fomu: yakatsetseka pamusoro.

(8) Acetate fibers: cross-sectional fomu: trilobal kana irregular serrated; longitudinal fomu: pamusoro netambo dze longitudinal.

(9) Acrylic fiber: muchinjika-chikamu chimiro: round, dumbbell kana shizha; longitudinal chimiro: yakatsetseka kana mitsetse.

(10) Polyvinyl chloride fibers: muchinjika-chikamu chimiro: pedyo nedenderedzwa; longitudinal chimiro: yakatsetseka pamusoro.

(11) Spandex fiber: muchinjika-chikamu chimiro: chimiro chisina kujairika, round, mbatatisi-yakaumbwa; longitudinal chimiro: rima pamusoro, kuratidza maronda emapfupa asina kujeka.

(12) Polyester, nylon uye polypropylene fibers: muchinjika-chikamu chimiro: denderedzwa kana kusarongeka; longitudinal chimiro: yakatsetseka.

(13) Vinylon fiber: muchinjika-chikamu chimiro: chiuno chakatenderera, ganda-core structure; longitudinal chimiro: 1-2 grooves.

 

3. Density gradient nzira: Inobva pane hunhu hwemafibhi akasiyana ane density dzakasiyana kuona mafibhi.

(1) Iyo sisitimu ye xylene kabhoni tetrachloride inowanzo sarudzirwa kugadzirwa kwe density gradient fluid..

(2) Calibration ye density gradient chubhu inowanzoitwa nechaiyo sphere nzira.

(3) Kuyera uye kuverenga, deoiling, kuomesa uye kubvisa furo pretreatment yefiber dzinofanirwa kuyerwa, kuita kuti ma pellets ave balance, uye kuyera kuwanda kwemafibhi zvichienderana nenzvimbo yekurembera yemafibhi.

 

4. Fluorescence nzira: Ultraviolet fluorescent rambi rinoshandiswa kuvhenekesa mafiber. Mafibhi anoonekwa zvichienderana neavo akasiyana efluorescent zvimiro uye akasiyana efluorescent mavara.

Iwo mavara efluorescent emhando dzakasiyana-siyana anoratidzwa zvakadzama:

(1) Cotton nemvere dzemakwai: yellow yellow

(2) Mercerized cotton fiber: chiedza chitsvuku

(3) Jute  fiber: pepuru-ruvara

(4) Jute, sirika uye naironi fibers: chiedza chebhuruu

(5) Viscose Fiber: White Purple Shadow

(6) Chiedza viscose fibers: mimvuri yakacheneruka yepepuru

(7) Polyester fibers: chiedza chichena, denga rebhuruu uye rakajeka

(8) Vinylon ine optical fiber dimension: chiedza yeyero yepepuru mumvuri.

5. Combustion nzira: Zvinoenderana nekusiyana kwemakemikari kuumbwa kwefibers, maitiro ekupisa akasiyanawo, nokudaro tichinyatsoronga mhando huru dzefiber.

Mamiriro ekupisa emafibhi akati wandei anosiyaniswa uye anoenzaniswa seinotevera:

(1) Cotton, hemp, viscose uye mhangura-ammonia fibers: pedyo nemurazvo: isingadzike uye isinganyunguduki; kusangana nemoto: kukurumidza kupisa; kusiya moto: kuenderera mberi kwekupisa; munhuwi: munhuwi webepa rinopfuta; zvakasara maitiro: chikamu chiduku chegrey-dema kana grey-white ash.

(2) Sirika nemvere dzemakwai: pedyo nemurazvo: curl uye kunyunguduka; kusangana nemoto: curl, melt, kupisa; siya murazvo: kunonoka kupisa dzimwe nguva kuzvidzima; munhuwi: kunhuhwirira kwebvudzi rinopisa; zvakasara maitiro: yakasununguka uye brittle zvitema zvitema kana coke-like.

(3) Polyester fiber: pedyo nemurazvo: melting; kusangana nemotkunyungudukaing, kusvuta, kunonoka kupisa; kusiya moto: ramba uchipisa, dzimwe nguva kuzvidzima; munhuwi: kunhuwira kwakakosha uye kutapira; zvakasara maitiro: mabhora matema akaoma.

(4) nylon fiber: pedyo nemurazvo: melting; kusangana nemotkunyungudukaing, kusvuta; kusiya moto: kuzvidzima; munhuwi: amino kunhuhwirira; zvakasara maitiro: bhora rakaoma rakacheneruka rinoonekera.

(5) Acrylic fiber: pedyo nemurazvo: melting; kusangana nemotkunyungudukaing, smoking; siya murazvo: ramba uchipisa, skusvuta munhuwi: pungent; zvakasara maitiro: nhema dzisina kujairika bead, fragile.

(6) Polypropylene fiber: pedyo nemurazvo: melting; kusangana nemotkunyungudukaing, kutsva; kusiya moto: kuramba uchipisa; munhuwi: parafini munhuwi; zvakasara maitiro: grey-white hard transparent balls.

(7) Spandex fiber: pedyo nemurazvo: melting; kusangana nemotkunyungudukaing, kutsva; kusiya moto: kuzvidzima; munhuwi: kunhuhwirira chaiko; zvakasara maitiro: jena gelatinous.

(8) Polyvinyl chloride fibers: pedyo nemurazvo: melting; kusangana nemotkunyungudukaing, kutsva, kusvuta; kusiya moto: kuzvidzima; munhuwi: kunhuwa kunopinza; zvakasara maitiro: bundu rakasviba.

(9) Vinylon fiber: pedyo nemurazvo: melting; kusangana nemotkunyungudukaing, kutsva; kusiya moto: ramba uchipisa, kusvuta; munhuwi: kunhuhwirira kwakasiyana; zvakasara maitiro: bundu rebrown risingaite.